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1 semiconductors description the ZXBM1004 is a single-phase, dc brushless motor pre-driver with pwm variable speed control suitable for fan and blower motors. the controller is intended for applications where the fan or blower speed is controlled by an external pwm signal, thermistor or dc voltage. features ? compliant with external pwm speed control ? compliant with thermistor control ? minimum speed setting ? low noise ? auto restart ? built in hall amplifier ? speed pulse (fg) and lock rotor (rd) outputs ? up to 18v input voltage (60v with external regulator) ? qsop16 package associated application notes:- an41 - thermistor control an42 - external pwm control an43 - interfacing to the motor windings applications ? mainframe and personal computer fans and blowers ? instrumentation fans ? central heating blowers ? automotive climate control device marking ? zetex zxbm 1004 ZXBM1004 issue 5 - january 2005 variable speed single-phase bldc motor controller device reel size tape width quantity per reel ZXBM1004q16ta ZXBM1004q16tc 7" (180mm) 13" (330mm) 12mm 12mm 500 2,500 ordering information - qsop16 q s o p 1 6
ZXBM1004 semiconductors issue 5 - january 2005 2 parameter symbol limit s unit supply voltage v ccmax -0.6 to 20 v input current i ccmax 200 ma input voltage v in max -0.5 to v cc +0.5 v output voltage v out max -0.5 to v cc +0.5 v power dissipation p dmax 500 mw operating temp. t opr -40 to 110 c storage temp. t stg -55 to 125 c absolute maximum ratings power dissipation 1) maximum allowable power dissipation, p d , is shown plotted against ambient temperature, t a , in the accompanying power derating curve, indicating the safe operating area for the device. 2) power consumed by the device, p t , can be calculated from the equation: p t = p q + p phhi + p phlo where p q is power dissipated under quiescent current conditions, given by: p q = vcc x icc where vcc is the application device supply voltage and icc is the maximum supply current given in the electrical characteristics and p phhi is power generated due to either one of the phase outputs ph1hi or ph2hi being active, given by: p phhi = i ol x v ol where i ol is the application ph1hi and ph2hi output currents and v ol is the maximum low level output voltage for the ph1hi and ph2hi outputs given in the electrical characteristics and p phlo is power generated due to either one of the phase outputs ph1lo or ph2lo being active, given by: p phlo = i oh x (v cc - v oh ) where i oh is the application ph1lo and ph2lo output currents and vcc is the application device supply voltage and v oh is the minimum high level output voltage for the ph1lo and ph2lo outputs given in the electrical characteristics
ZXBM1004 semiconductors issue 5 - january 2005 3 parameter symbol min. typ. max. unit conditions supply voltage v cc 4.7 18 v supply current i cc 6 8.5 ma no load (1) hall amp input voltage v in 40 mv diff p-p hall amp common mode voltage v cm 0.5 v cc -1.5 v hall amp input offset v ofs 7mv hall amp bias current i bs 400 650 na ph1lo, ph2lo output high voltage v oh v cc -2.2 v cc -1.8 v i oh =80ma ph1lo, ph2lo output low voltage v ola 0.4 0.6 v i ol =16ma (2) ph1lo, ph2lo output low voltage v olb 0.4 0.6 v i ol =50 a (3) ph1lo, ph2lo output source current i oh -80 ma ph1lo, ph2lo output sink current i ol 16 ma ph1hi, ph2hi output low voltage v ol 0.5 0.7 v i ol =100ma ph1hi, ph2hi output sink current i ol 100 ma c pwm charge current i pwmc -6.2 -7.6 -9 a c pwm discharge current i pwmd 65 80 95 a c pwm high threshold voltage v thh 2.95 3 3.15 v c pwm low threshold voltage v thl 0.94 1 1.11 v pwm frequency f pwm 24 khz c pwm =0.1nf thref voltage v thref 2.925 3.0 3.14 v i othref =-100 a thref output current i othref -0.2 -1 ma s min input current i ismin -0.25 -0.5 a vin=2v spd voltage minimum v spdl 1v 100% pwm drive spd voltage maximum v spdh 3v 0% pwm drive spd input current i ispd -0.8 -2 a vin=2v c lck charge current i lckc -2 -3 a c lck discharge current i lckd 0.2 0.35 a c lck high threshold voltage v thh 3v c lck low threshold voltage v thl 1v lock condition on:off ratio 1:12 fg & rd output current i ol 5ma fg & rd low level output voltage v ol 0.5 v i oi =5ma electrical characteristics (at t amb = 25c & v cc = 12v) notes: (1) measured with pins h+, h-, c lck and c pwm = 0v and all other signal pins open circuit. (2) measured when opposing phase output is low. (3) measured when opposing phase output is high.
ZXBM1004 semiconductors issue 5 - january 2005 4 block diagram vcc spd h+ h- gnd ph1lo ph2lo c pwm c lck fg rd v+op thref s min ph1hi ph2hi pin assignments
pin functional description h+ - hall input h- - hall input the rotor position is detected by a hall sensor, with the output applied to the h+ and h- pins. this sensor can be eithe r a 4 pin 'naked' hall device or of the 3 pin buffered switching type. fo r a 4 pin device the differential hall output signal is connected to the h+ and h- pins. for a buffered hall sensor the hall device output is attached to the h+ pin, with a pull-up attached if needed, whilst the h- pin has an external potential divider attached to hold the pin at half v cc . when h+ is high in relation to h-, ph2 is the active drive. thref - network reference this is a reference voltage of nominal 3v. it is designed for the ability to 'source' and therefore it will not 'sink' any current from a higher voltage. the total current drawn from the pin by the minimum speed potential divider to pin s min and any voltage setting network should not exceed 1ma at maximum temperature. spd - speed control input the voltage applied to the spd pin provides control over the fan motor speed by varying the pulse width modulated (pwm) drive ratio at the ph1lo and ph2lo outputs. the control signal takes the form of a voltage input of range 3v to 1v, representing 0% to 100% drive respectively. if variable speed control is not required this pin can be left with an external potential divider to set a fixed speed or tied to ground to provide full speed i.e. 100% pwm drive. if required this pin can also be used as an enable pin. the application of a voltage >3.0v will force the pwm drive fully off, in effect disabling the drive. s min - sets minimum speed a voltage can be set on this pin via a potential divider between the thref and gnd. this voltage is monitored by the spd pin such that it cannot rise above it. as a higher voltage on the spd pin represents a lower speed it therefore restricts the lower speed range of the fan. if this feature is not required the pin is left tied to thref so no minimum speed will be set. if the fan is being controlled from an external voltage source onto the spd pin then either this feature should not be used or if it is required then a >1k resistor should be placed in series with the spd pin. c pwm - sets pwm frequency this pin has an external capacitor attached to set the pwm frequency for the phase drive outputs. a capacitor value of 0.1nf will provide a pwm frequency of typically 24khz. the c pwm timing period (t pwm ) is determined by the following equation: t vvxc i vvxc i pwm thh thl pwmc thh thl pwmd = ? + ? ()() where: c = c pwm +15, in pf v thh and v thl are the c pwm pin threshold voltages i pwmc and i pwmd are the charge and discharge currents in a. t pwm is in ms ZXBM1004 semiconductors issue 5 - january 2005 5
as these threshold voltages are nominally set to v thh = 3v and v thl = 1v the equations can be simplified as follows: t c i c i pwm pwmc pwmd =+ 22 c lck - locked rotor timing capacitor should the fan stop rotating for any reason, i.e. an obstruction in the fan blade or a seized bearing, then the device will enter a rotor locked condition. in this condition after a predetermined time (t lock ) the rd pin will go high and the phase outputs will be disabled. after a further delay (t off ) the controller will re-enable the phase drive for a defined period (t on ) in an attempt to re-start the fan. this cycle of (t off ) and (t on ) will be repeated indefinitely or until the fan re-starts. gnd - ground this is the device supply ground return pin and will generally be the most negative supply pin to the fan. rd - locked rotor error output this pin is the locked rotor output as referred to in the c lck timing section above. it is high when the rotor is stopped and low when it is running. this is an open collector drive giving an active pull down with the high level being provided by an external pull up resistor. fg - frequency generator (speed) output this is the frequency generator output and is a buffered signal from the hall sensor. this is an open collector drive giving an active pull down with the high level being provided by an external pull up resistor. ph1lo & ph2lo - low-side external h-bridge driver this pair of outputs drive the low side of the external high power h-bridge devices which in turn drives the single phase winding. these outputs provide both the commutation and pwm waveforms. the outputs are of the darlington emitter follower type with an active pull-down to help faster switch off when using bipolar devices. when in the high state the outputs will provide up to 80ma of drive into the base or gates of external transistors as shown in the typical application circuit following. when in the low state the active phase drive is capable of sinking up to 16ma when driving low to aid turn off times during pwm operation. when the phase is inactive the output is held low by an internal pull-down resistor. ph1hi & ph2hi - high-side external h-bridge driver these are the high side outputs to the external h-bridge and are open collector outputs capable of sinking 100ma. this signal provides commutation only to the h-bridge. v+op - phase outputs supply voltage this pin is the supply to the phase outputs and will be connected differently dependant upon external transistor type. for bipolar devices this pin will be connected by a resistor to the v cc pin. the resistor is used to control the current into the transistor base so its value is chosen accordingly. for mosfet devices the pin will connect directly to the v cc pin. ZXBM1004 semiconductors issue 5 - january 2005 6
v cc - applied voltage this is the device internal circuitry supply voltage. for 5v to 12v fans this can be supplied directly from the fan motor supply. for fans likely to run in excess of the 18v maximum rating for the device this will be supplied from an external regulator such as a zener diode. rd timing waveform: applications information the ZXBM1004 is primarily controlled by a voltage on the spd pin. a voltage of 1v represents a 100% pwm at the phase outputs and in turn represents full speed. 3v on the spd pin conversely represents 0% pwm. the motor can therefore be controlled simply by applying a control voltage onto the spd pin with the minimal use of external components. this voltage control method easily lends itself to control by other signal types. for example if a thermistor is applied to the spd pin a varying voltage can be generated at the spd pin as the resistance of the thermistor varies with temperature. a common form of control of fans is by a pwm signal derived from a central processor or controller. this signal can be converted into a voltage and that voltage adjusted as neccesary to compensate for motor none linearity, inclusion of the minimum speed feature etc. full applications details and further examples of how to control the ZXBM1004 are available in the applications notes an41, an42 and an43. ZXBM1004 semiconductors issue 5 - january 2005 7
ZXBM1004 semiconductors issue 5 - january 2005 8 figure 1: typical circuit for thermistor controlled speed figure 2: typical circuit for external pwm controlled speed
ZXBM1004 semiconductors issue 5 - january 2005 9 figure 3: typical circuit for 48v input and external pwm control figure 4: typical circuit for constant speed operation
drive transisitors zetex offers a range of devices that are ideally suited to interface between the ZXBM1004 controller and the motor. the following tables show a selection of products ranging from single packaged h-bridge devices to individual power components that can be used in this application. if your needs are not covered by this selection then please refer to the the more comprehensive listings that can be found on the zetex website: www.zetex.com ZXBM1004 semiconductors issue 5 - january 2005 10 description part number content bv dss v i d a i dm a r ds(on) @ v gs =10v max. m package mosfet h-bridge zxmhc6a07t8 2 x n 2 x p 60 -60 1.8 -1.5 8.7 -7.5 300 425 sm-8 zxmhc3a01t8 2 x n 2 x p 30 -30 3.1 -2.3 14.5 -10.8 120 210 sm-8 n+p channel mosfet zxmc4559dn8 n p 60 -60 4.7 -3.5 22 -18 55 105 so8 zxmc3a16dn8 n p 30 -30 6.4 -5.4 30 -25 35 48 so8 low side switch mosfet zxmn10a09k zxmn6a09k zxmn3a04k n n n 100 60 30 7.7 11.2 18.4 27 40 66 85 45 20 dpak description part number content bv ceo v i c a i cm a v ce(sat) at i c =2a max. mv package high side switch bipolar zxt953k zxt951k zxt790ak pnp pnp pnp -100 -60 -40 -5 -6 -3 -10 -15 -6 -175 -165 -450 dpak
ZXBM1004 semiconductors issue 5 - january 2005 11
ZXBM1004 semiconductors 12 issue 5 - january 2005 europe zetex gmbh streitfeldstra?e 19 d-81673 mnchen germany telefon: (49) 89 45 49 49 0 fax: (49) 89 45 49 49 49 europe.sales@zetex.com americas zetex inc 700 veterans memorial hwy hauppauge, ny 11788 usa telephone: (1) 631 360 2222 fax: (1) 631 360 8222 usa.sales@zetex.com asia pacific zetex (asia) ltd 3701-04 metroplaza tower 1 hing fong road, kwai fong hong kong telephone: (852) 26100 611 fax: (852) 24250 494 asia.sales@zetex.com corporate headquaters zetex semiconductors plc zetex technology park, chadderton oldham, ol9 9ll united kingdom telephone (44) 161 622 4444 fax: (44) 161 622 4446 hq@zetex.com these offices are supported by agents and distributors in major countries world-wide. this publication is issued to provide outline information only which (unless agreed by the company in writing) may not be used, applied or reproduced for any purpose or form part of any order or contract or be regarded as a representation relating to the products or services concerned. the company reserves the right to alter without notice the specification, design, price or conditions of supply of any product or service. for the latest product information, log on to www.zetex.com ? zetex semiconductors plc 2005 note: dimensions in inches are control dimensions, dimensions in millimeters are approximate. dim inches millimeters min. max. min. max. a 0.053 0.069 1.35 1.75 a1 0.004 0.010 0.10 0.25 a2 0.049 0.059 1.25 1.50 d 0.189 0.197 4.80 5.00 zd 0.009 ref 0.23 bsc e 0.228 0.244 5.79 6.20 e1 0.150 0.157 3.81 3.99 l 0.016 0.050 0.41 1.27 e 0.025 bsc 0.64 bsc b 0.008 0.012 0.20 0.30 c 0.007 0.010 0.18 0.25 0 8 0 8 package dimensions package outline qsop16

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